Key Political Figures in Panama: Who’s Who
Panama’s political environment is ever-changing, shaped by a combination of historical events and significant individuals. Gaining insight into these political figures sheds light on the country’s governance and its direction. The interactions between leaders, policies, and public opinion dictate how Panama tackles challenges and seizes opportunities at both local and international levels. Identifying these key players and their functions is vital for understanding the intricacies of Panama’s political scene.
Historical Context of Politics in Panama
Panama’s political history illustrates a journey of change influenced by various events. The country’s independence from Colombia in 1903 marked a significant transition. The construction of the Panama Canal spurred economic growth but also led to intervention from foreign powers, particularly the United States, with lasting effects on governance and autonomy.
In the mid-20th century, military rule became common as General Omar Torrijos rose to power. His leadership reformed social structures but faced criticism regarding democratic processes. The U.S. invasion in 1989 removed Manuel Noriega, paving the way for a democratic government.
The subsequent return to civilian rule in the 1990s established a more organized political environment. Electoral processes improved, resulting in regular elections and the formation of political parties. Key constitutional changes reinforced democratic institutions.
In recent years, Panama’s political dynamics have shifted, reflecting social movements and changes in public opinion. Ongoing challenges include issues of transparency and corruption that stem from historical precedents. Understanding this backdrop is important for grasping the current political climate and the roles of modern politicians.
Current Political Figures in Panama
The President
As of February 2025, José Raúl Mulino serves as the President of Panama, having assumed office on July 1, 2024. A member of the Realizing Goals party, Mulino secured the presidency following the disqualification of former President Ricardo Martinelli. His administration has prioritized addressing migration issues, particularly through the Darién Gap, and reforming the nation’s social security system. Mulino’s leadership emphasizes strengthening Panama’s sovereignty, especially concerning the Panama Canal, and fostering international relations.
Major Political Leaders
Felipe Chapman serves as the Minister of Economy and Finance, overseeing the nation’s fiscal policies and economic strategies. He has been vocal about Panama’s economic positioning, recently stating that China’s presence in the Panamanian economy is “marginal,” emphasizing the country’s strong ties with the United States and Colombia.
Javier Martínez-Acha, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, manages Panama’s diplomatic relations. He has reinforced the nation’s sovereignty over the Panama Canal, asserting that it is solely under Panamanian control, while highlighting the importance of international cooperation.
Frank Alexis Ábrego Mendoza, appointed as the Minister of Public Security, plays a crucial role in addressing national security concerns, including migration and drug trafficking. His collaboration with international counterparts, such as U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, underscores Panama’s commitment to regional security.
Emerging Political Figures
In recent developments, Panama City Mayor Mayer Mizrachi has garnered significant attention for his innovative use of social media to engage with the public, himself over 800k followers heavy on instagram. In January 2025, Mizrachi humorously appointed U.S.-based streamer Darren “Speed” Watkins Jr. as the honorary Mayor of Panama City for a day. This event, which occurred during Speed’s South American tour, was widely shared across social media platforms, showcasing Mizrachi’s unconventional approach to civic engagement.
Concurrently, Panama’s political landscape has experienced a notable shift with the emergence of the Coalición Vamos (“Let’s Go Coalition”). Established on April 5, 2022, this political alliance supports non-affiliated candidates in their bids for election to the National Assembly and various local government entities. In the 2024 general elections, Vamos achieved remarkable success, with 19 of its backed candidates elected to the National Assembly, and an additional member joining post-election. This influx of independent representatives has introduced fresh perspectives into Panama’s legislative process.
Prominent figures within Vamos include Juan Diego Vásquez and Gabriel Silva, both of whom have been instrumental in advocating for government transparency and anti-corruption measures. Their leadership has been pivotal in reshaping Panama’s political dynamics, emphasizing accountability and progressive reform.
Political Parties in Panama
Panama’s political landscape underwent significant changes following the May 2024 general elections. The Realizing Goals (RM) party, founded by former President Ricardo Martinelli, emerged as a dominant force. Despite Martinelli’s disqualification due to legal issues, his successor, José Raúl Mulino, secured the presidency with 34.2% of the vote. RM also made substantial gains in the National Assembly, securing 14 seats.
The Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), traditionally a major political entity in Panama, experienced a significant decline. Their candidate, incumbent Vice President José Gabriel Carrizo, finished sixth in the presidential race with only 5.88% of the vote. The party also suffered losses in the legislative and local elections, including key mayoral positions in major districts.
The Another Way Movement (MOCA), established in 2019 by Ricardo Lombana, gained traction as a significant opposition party. Lombana secured approximately 24.6% of the presidential vote, positioning MOCA as a prominent voice in Panamanian politics. The party also achieved representation in the National Assembly and local governments, including the mayorship of Santiago.
The Coalición Vamos (“Let’s Go Coalition”) also made a notable impact, with 19 of its supported candidates elected to the National Assembly, reflecting a shift towards independent and reformist politics.
These developments indicate a dynamic shift in Panama’s political environment, with emerging parties and independent movements challenging traditional power structures.
The Electoral Process
Panama holds general elections every five years to elect the President, members of the National Assembly, and local government officials. The election is administered by the Tribunal Electoral, an independent body responsible for overseeing the voting process, ensuring transparency, and managing voter registration.
The President is elected by a plurality vote, meaning the candidate with the highest number of votes wins, even without securing an absolute majority. There is no runoff election, so a candidate can win with less than 50% of the vote.
The National Assembly consists of 71 members, elected through a combination of multi-member and single-member districts. Some representatives are chosen using a proportional representation system, while others are elected directly by a simple majority in their districts.
In addition to national positions, voters also elect mayors, district representatives, and council members, shaping both national and local governance. Campaigning officially ends a few days before election day, and voting is compulsory, though there are no penalties for abstention.
Election results are usually announced on the same day, with preliminary counts available within hours. The newly elected government takes office on July 1st of the election year, beginning a five-year term.
Challenges Facing Political Figures
Corruption and Governance Issues
Corruption remains a significant problem in Panama, undermining public trust in government institutions. Despite legal frameworks designed to combat corruption, enforcement is inconsistent, leading to widespread impunity. Scandals involving political figures and business elites continue to erode the effectiveness of the justice system, making meaningful reforms difficult to implement. Calls for greater accountability have intensified, but progress has been slow.
Economic Disparities and Social Unrest
While Panama’s economy has experienced growth, the benefits have not been evenly distributed. Rising income inequality has fueled social unrest, with large-scale protests in 2022 highlighting dissatisfaction with living costs and government inaction. The growing economic divide places pressure on political leaders to introduce policies that promote equitable development, job creation, and better social services. Public demand for fair wages and improved labor conditions continues to shape the national conversation.
Public Engagement and Trust in Government
Many Panamanians feel disconnected from the political process, citing a lack of transparency and accountability among leaders. This disengagement has contributed to declining voter turnout and skepticism toward government initiatives. Political figures must prioritize open communication and inclusive policymaking to rebuild trust and foster a more engaged electorate. Efforts to strengthen civic participation remain a crucial aspect of governance.
Impact of International Relations on Political Figures
Trade and Diplomatic Relations
Panama’s strategic location and role as a global trade hub make its foreign policy decisions particularly significant. Recent tensions with the United States, especially regarding control over the Panama Canal and China’s involvement in its operations, have placed Panamanian leaders in a delicate position. Political figures must navigate these relationships carefully to maintain economic stability and national sovereignty. Balancing partnerships with major global powers remains a top diplomatic priority.
Foreign Investment and National Sovereignty
Panama’s economic growth relies heavily on foreign investment, but concerns over external influence on key national assets continue to be debated. Policymakers must weigh the benefits of foreign infrastructure projects against the risks of geopolitical entanglements. Political decisions regarding investment agreements, taxation, and trade regulations have direct consequences for international business relations and Panama’s global standing.
Conclusion
Panama’s political figures must address a complex set of challenges, including entrenched corruption, economic inequality, public disengagement, the evolving role of social media, and delicate international relations. Addressing these issues with transparency, inclusive governance, and strategic diplomacy is essential for maintaining stability and fostering long-term national prosperity. As Panama adapts to changing political and economic realities, its leaders must remain responsive to both domestic concerns and global pressures.
